Symbols Used In Helical Spring
a) lo= free length of spring
b) d = Diameter of spring wire
c) D= Mean diameter of coil
d) Do= Outer diameter of coil
e) Di= Inner diameter of coil
f) p = Pitch
g) i = Number of active coils
h) i’= Total number of coils
i) F= load on the spring or Axial force
j) y= Deflection
k) G= Modulus of Rigidity
l) c= Spring index
m) k= Curvature factor or Wahl's stress factor
n) Koor Fo=Stiffness of spring or Rate of spring
o) a= Clearance, 25% of maximum deflection.
p) ty= Torsional yield shear strength (stress)
q) F.O.S = Factor of safety
r) F1= Minimum load
s) F2= Maximum load
t) Y2= Maximum deflection
u) Y’= Deflection for the load range
v) n= Number of additional coils
w) g= Acceleration due to gravity
x) V= Volume
y) m= Mass of the spring
z) y1= Initial deflection or initial compression